Tver

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On extent of 14th -15th centuries Tver competed with Moscow for a leadership in association of Russian grounds. In Middle Ages Tver was one of the main centers of a craft manufacture and an international trade of Russia, the city was glorified by skilful builders, gun makers, painters. A parameter of breadth of foreign economic relations of Tver was well-known traveler and merchant Afansiy Nikitin. His journey to India was first of the Europeans ships that have visited that country. During all its history Tver strengths were tested by attacks of Tatars, pogroms and fires. The strong fire in 1763 almost destroyed the city. Because of a strong wind, in total of 4 hours fire captured the whole city; it destroyed the ancient Kremlin, about thousand houses and a lot of churches. The disaster which overtook city, was so awful, that empress Ekaterina Second issued the decree about restoration of the city. Besides, Tver stood on the main transport highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg; all trading routs between two largest cities of Russia were passing through Tver. The best architects of that time who were engaged in construction of houses in Saint Petersburg and Moscow were involved in work on restoration of Tver. The new lay-out and new buildings of the city completely changed Tver. We have saying: " Tver - small town - St. Petersburg corner ". The English traveler Cox, which has visited Tver in 80th years of 17th century, in the traveling notes he named city majestic and asserted, that he will not concede to many West-European cities. Few monasteries and churches that survived in Tver now serve as an ornament of city; the most ancient the church constructed in 1564.

Tver Region is situated in the north-western part of Russia, between two capitals Moscow & St.Petersburg. It is known for its beautiful lakes and rivers. Lake Seliger is the largest among them. The greatest river Volga takes its beginning in our region too. Everything in Tver is connected with the Volga and its tributaries - the Tmaka & the Tvertsa, after which the city was called. Though some hisrorians think, that its name come from Russian word "tverd", meaning a fortress. The banks of the river are very picturesque. Its wonderful scenery attracts a lot of tourists.

The largest city in our region is ancient Tver. It is worth sightseeing. The city stretches along both banks of the river Volga. The river is the city`s soul and history. Tver is an ancient city founded by the Novgorod people. It was first mentioned in the Russian chronicles in 1208. Tver was a wooden city and its buildings have not preserved up to the time. Many of them were either burned down during the great fire (1763) or destroyed later. The oldest building in the city is the White Trinity Church dating back to the 16th century (1564). There are three more churches of different religions.

The most impressive Tver sight is the Putevoy Palace, that was designed by the famous architects Matvey Kazakox & Carlo Rossi in the 18-19 th century. Today the palace houses the Picture Gallery. It contains a rich collection of Russian paintings. Portraits by outstanding masters Rocotov, Antropov, Borovikovsky are on display. Visitors are usually delighted with portraits of peasants by the Tver artist Venetsianov. There are many other museums in our city. Visitors like to go to the Museum of Local Lore. Its collections tell us stories about the history of our region. The Museum of Tver life is worth visiting too.The Stepan Razin Embankment is an architectural sanctury, dating back to the 18th century.

Many famous people either visited or lived in our city. Now we can see monuments to the famous fabulist Krylov and writer Saltykov Shedrin . Krylov spent his childhood in Tver. Saltykov Shedrin lived and served as a vice-governor in our city. The greatest Russian poet Puskin stayed more than 20 times in Tver in the famous Galyany Hotel. There are 2 fine monuments to Pushkin in our city. But the monument to Afanasy Nikitin is the most original. It is another symbol of Tver. Afanasy Nikitin was a Tver merchant. He was the first European man who visited India. His name is dear to every Russian man. Tver people were the first to rise against the Tartars. But the rising was drawned in blood. The Tver Prince Michail Tverskoy rallied the Tver warrios to fight agaistthe tartar yoke. He perished in the captivity but he saved Tver people from the tartar raid. The monument to Prince Michail Tverskoy is on the right bank of the river Volga in our city park.

The old established Tver industries are textile, heavy mashinery. Tver plants produce railway carriages, excavators, sythetic fibres & threads, food products & drinks. In the last decades Tver became one of the largest centre of the Russian printing industry. Its production are books on fine arts, encyclopedic publications, postcards, magazines, school textbooks & literature for children. In Tver Region we cultivate flax,rye,wheat. Cattle farming & pig breeding are the leading industries in animal husbandry though poultry & sheep farming are represented too. Tver is a cultural centre, because there are four Universites, many colleges, a Drama theatre, a Philharmonic Society, a circus. And also, in our city there are Musical schools & Art schools.

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